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Yellow fever

Transmitted from monkeys to humans by mosquitos, it is a fever characterised by severe fever and headache, often with nausea and nosebleeds.  In more serious cases, the fever is higher and there is severe headache and pains in the neck, back and legs.  Damage can occur rapidly in liver and kidneys, causing jaundice and kidney failure, which may lead to meningitis, delirium and extreme agitation, leading to coma and death.  The yellowing of the skin due to jaundice is where the disease gets its name.

 

It occurs in Central America, parts of South America, and largely in Africa.  The incidence rate has reduced due to eradication of the infection carrying mosquito.  Prevention can be given through vaccination, which gives protection for 10 years.  The vaccination should not be given to infants under 6 months old, pregnant women, those who are immunocompromised, or those who have severe egg allergies.  In terms of treating the illness, no drug has been found to be effective, though most cases are cured independently within 3 days.  Relapses do not occur, though it can be fatal in some cases.  


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